This report presents a review of the studies incorporating the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) dynamics for emissions estimation using various microscopic estimation frameworks. These studies show the potential of applicability of the MFD-based tools for emissions estimation. However, the accuracy of existing models in estimating the emissions of large-scale urban networks is questionable due to their inability in capturing the variations in traffic conditions across such networks. As a solution to this problem, we have proposed to develop a multi-reservoir emissions estimation framework by partitioning large-scale networks into smaller regions with homogeneous traffic conditions and low-scatter MFDs like the multi-reservoir Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) models, which can result in more accurate network-wide emissions estimation. The key component of this framework is finding a method to accurately estimate the emissions using aggregated network representation and its corresponding variables. A numerical experiment on an arbitrary network shows that the estimation efficiency can increase significantly by implementing aggregated network representation, albeit the results will be less accurate the more aggregated the representation becomes. The possible reasons and considerations for future applications have been discussed, which would lead to developing calibrated aggregated-level methods, which can estimate the emissions efficiently and accurately. After calibrating the MFD-based emissions estimation method to acceptable levels of accuracy and efficiency, traffic control strategies can be proposed to optimize the energy consumption and emissions of CO, CO2, NOx, PM2.5, CH4, VOC, etc. The proposed control strategies can include perimeter control strategies in the boundaries of the regions, ramp-metering strategies at the connections to the freeways and signal timing strategies, which is known to influence the shape of the MFD.
