The project focuses on smart charging of electric vehicles (EVs) – specifically the optimization-based charging of EVs over time. The project emphasizes both the consumption of renewable energy by EVs through smart charging, and the assessment (and minimization) of grid stresses associated with EV charging. The objectives of the project are to i) refine single-vehicle smart charging algorithms developed in prior work and extend them to fleet scenarios, ii) refine grid impact assessment methods developed in prior work and apply them to analyze fleet charging scenarios, iii) package the smart charging algorithms and grid impact assessment methods into decision-support tools, iv) develop a working smart charging hardware/software system capable of performing variable-power EV charging, and v) analyze the costs and benefits of smart charging to individual EV owners, fleet owners, and grid operators. A variety of fleet charging scenarios will be studied in both multi-family residential and commercial settings (e.g., apartment complexes, shopping centers, EV parking lots). Light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles will also be considered. Emphasis will be placed on determining practical methods to satisfy the objectives and constraints associated with both EV owners/fleet operators and the power utility. The topic of charging authority will be treated carefully; it will not simply be assumed that the utility has the authority to control the charging of multiple EVs. Any policy implications or suggestions for future investments will be stated as an outcome.
